In this chapter, we aim to define the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and to present the main research findings in relation to public sector organisations. After describing the two main processes (work engagement process vs. health impairment process), we underline the proximity of the JD-R model with other theoretical constructs. Then, we present recent research findings based upon the JD-R model and related to data collected in public sector organisations. This presentation is based upon an institutional reading, highlighting the importance of including institutional characteristics of public organisations when it comes to investigating job demands and job resources and their associations with different positive or negative work outcomes. Finally, we point out some limitations with respect to the JD-R model and propose some research avenues.