The perception of our body is mediated by cortical representations of the body and the space around it. Body representations are constantly updated by the integration of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals during body-environment interactions. Research in the last years has distinguished multiple body representations, with specific functions, whose number and characteristics are still debated. This article provides a synthetic, critical overview of (1) the main taxonomies and (2) methods to study body representations; (3) key examples of plasticity in body representations, due to experimental manipulations, development, aging and pathologies; (4) current knowledge about the neural correlates and (5) some crucial open issues.