Résumé
L’amélioration des techniques médicales a bouleversé les pratiques de soins en oncologie. Les soins de support, orientés vers l’accompagnement des patient·e·s aux prises avec une maladie chronique occupent désormais une place importante aux côtés des traitements visant la survie. Ces changements ont conduit certain·e·s professionnel·le·s de santé à davantage s’intéresser à la qualité de vie des patient·e·s et, notamment, à l’impact du cancer sur la sexualité. En effet, les répercussions sur la sexualité constituent souvent l’un des aspects les plus problématiques de la qualité de vie après un cancer. L’objectif de cet article est de dresser une revue de la littérature anglophone et francophone sur cette « nouvelle » préoccupation qui semble encore poser de nombreux défis dans la pratique. Notre examen souligne qu’en dépit de la reconnaissance de l’importance de la prise en charge de la sexualité post-cancer, les médecins comme les infirmières peinent à aborder ce sujet. De plus, il relève que les représentations sociales dominantes de la sexualité – notamment en termes de genre, d’orientation sexuelle et d’âge – imprègnent les subjectivités des professionnel·le·s de santé et, par la même, influent sur les prises en charge de la sexualité et interfèrent avec une discussion systématique de ces questions tout au long du parcours de soins. Notre discussion questionne le manque d’implication des psychologues, tant dans les travaux de recherches que dans la prise en charge clinique de ces questions. Notre conclusion souligne les apports de la psychologie face aux enjeux que pose la sexualité en oncologie.
The improvement in medical techniques has drastically modified the practice of care in oncology. Supportive care, geared towards supporting patients with chronic illnesses, now occupies a greater place alongside treatments aimed at survival. These changes have conducted some health care professionals to be more interested in patients’ quality of life and, in particular, to the impact of cancer on sexuality. Repercussions on sexuality are actually one of the most problematic aspects of patients’ quality of life post cancer. The aim of this paper is to draw up a review of the English and French literature on this “new” concern which still seems to raise many challenges in practice. Our review emphasizes that despite the recognition of the importance of addressing sexuality issues post cancer in oncology, in their practices, physicians as the nurses alike find it difficult to address. In addition, it underlines that the dominant social representations of sexuality – in terms of gender, sexual orientation and age – have permeated health care professionals’ subjectivities and, at the same time, influence how sexuality is address and interfere with a systematic discussion of these issues throughout the care process. Our discussion tackles the lack of psychologists, both in research and clinic, regarding these issues. Finally, our conclusion highlights the contributions of psychology facing issue posed by sexuality in oncology.
The improvement in medical techniques has drastically modified the practice of care in oncology. Supportive care, geared towards supporting patients with chronic illnesses, now occupies a greater place alongside treatments aimed at survival. These changes have conducted some health care professionals to be more interested in patients’ quality of life and, in particular, to the impact of cancer on sexuality. Repercussions on sexuality are actually one of the most problematic aspects of patients’ quality of life post cancer. The aim of this paper is to draw up a review of the English and French literature on this “new” concern which still seems to raise many challenges in practice. Our review emphasizes that despite the recognition of the importance of addressing sexuality issues post cancer in oncology, in their practices, physicians as the nurses alike find it difficult to address. In addition, it underlines that the dominant social representations of sexuality – in terms of gender, sexual orientation and age – have permeated health care professionals’ subjectivities and, at the same time, influence how sexuality is address and interfere with a systematic discussion of these issues throughout the care process. Our discussion tackles the lack of psychologists, both in research and clinic, regarding these issues. Finally, our conclusion highlights the contributions of psychology facing issue posed by sexuality in oncology.