Résumé
Au même titre que les congrégations apostoliques catholiques, les ordres religieux contemplatifs, féminins et masculins, de Suisse romande et de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, sont concernés par le vieillissement de leurs membres. Mais, n’ayant pas eu à occuper, puis à quitter, des postes dans l’enseignement, les soins ou l’éducation comme c’est le cas pour les premières, les ordres se définissent d’abord par leurs missions historiques : prière, travail et hospitalité. L’âge serait un obstacle momentané à l’aune d’une histoire séculaire et ne relèverait pas d’une dimension identitaire collective prioritaire. Toutefois, le vieillissement de la plupart des communautés est établi. Pour s’adapter, les façons de faire divergent selon qu’elles sont masculines ou féminines, selon l’obédience, selon que la clôture est plus ou moins poreuse ou que la communauté dispose ou non de ressources. Les communautés religieuses s’appuient traditionnellement sur une définition ordinaire de la vieillesse en « famille » où l’avancée en âge n’est pas un facteur d’exclusion, chacun∙e pouvant continuer de jouer un rôle au sein du collectif. Mais cet idéal communautaire, reposant sur l’entraide intergénérationnelle et le vivre ensemble, est soumis aux effets des pathologies liées à l’âge. Le degré d’adaptation des règles de vie est donc un enjeu important. Du point de vue des vocations, la prise en charge communautaire de la vieillesse dépendante pourrait redéfinir les missions prioritaires et ainsi menacer ce qui fait la spécificité et l’attractivité de la vie contemplative.
Like female and male active Catholic religious congregations, contemplative religious communities in French-speaking Switzerland and Franche-Comté Burgundy are worried about the aging of their members. But since they do not have to fill, or eventually to dispense with, teaching or caring positions, as in the case of the former, the contemplative orders define themselves rather by their historical roles: prayer, work, hospitality. Age is a temporary obstacle in the perspective of an age-old past and does not affect a primary collective identity. Nevertheless, the greying of most communities is an undeniable reality. The ways of adapting to it differ between monks and nuns, according to the different rules, depending on whether enclosure is more or less porous, and depending on relative prosperity. What is at stake is significant. From the point of view of vocations, a community that is aged and dependent may threaten what makes the order different and might still today attract women and men. And from a theoretical standpoint, the emic representation of old age may reposition scientific categories for perceiving and understanding these social groups.
Like female and male active Catholic religious congregations, contemplative religious communities in French-speaking Switzerland and Franche-Comté Burgundy are worried about the aging of their members. But since they do not have to fill, or eventually to dispense with, teaching or caring positions, as in the case of the former, the contemplative orders define themselves rather by their historical roles: prayer, work, hospitality. Age is a temporary obstacle in the perspective of an age-old past and does not affect a primary collective identity. Nevertheless, the greying of most communities is an undeniable reality. The ways of adapting to it differ between monks and nuns, according to the different rules, depending on whether enclosure is more or less porous, and depending on relative prosperity. What is at stake is significant. From the point of view of vocations, a community that is aged and dependent may threaten what makes the order different and might still today attract women and men. And from a theoretical standpoint, the emic representation of old age may reposition scientific categories for perceiving and understanding these social groups.