Résumé
Légitimés au nom de la moralisation de la vie publique, les internements administratifs pratiqués en Suisse jusqu’en 1981 ont pris pour cible des populations dont les conduites, bien que non délictueuses, n’en sont pas moins identifiées comme préjudiciables pour la collectivité. À ce titre, certaines populations ont été durablement reléguées au motif de leur caractère incorrigible. Amorcée au début du xxie siècle, une politique mémorielle entend réparer ce qui est désormais reconnu comme une injustice induite par des procédés arbitraires. La mise en perspective de ces deux moments historiques révèle que des aspects du passé doivent demeurer dans l’oubli pour qu’une condition victimaire puisse s’affirmer publiquement.
In Switzerland, up until 1981, certain individuals whose behaviour, though not criminal, was considered detrimental to society were targeted for administrative – and sometimes permanent detention - if their behaviour was deemed incorrigible. The perceived improvement to the collective moral character was believed to grant the practice legitimacy. Since the turn of the twenty-first century, a politics of memory has sought to make reparation for what is now acknowledged as an injustice driven by arbitrary processes. By comparing and contrasting these two periods of history, we identify what has to remain forgotten if a status of victim is be publicly affirmed.
In Switzerland, up until 1981, certain individuals whose behaviour, though not criminal, was considered detrimental to society were targeted for administrative – and sometimes permanent detention - if their behaviour was deemed incorrigible. The perceived improvement to the collective moral character was believed to grant the practice legitimacy. Since the turn of the twenty-first century, a politics of memory has sought to make reparation for what is now acknowledged as an injustice driven by arbitrary processes. By comparing and contrasting these two periods of history, we identify what has to remain forgotten if a status of victim is be publicly affirmed.