Periodization is a concept of systematic progression in training and rehabilitation. The rehabilitation literature, however, is scarce, with information about optimally designing resistance training programs based on periodization principles for injured athletes. This periodization model—reverse linear neuro periodization—is a model proposed for the long-term rehabilitation needed after an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. With recent evidence supporting neural contributions to shoulder injuries and the rate of recovery, rehabilitation protocols may benefit from incorporating approaches that target the sensorimotor system. Integrating motor learning principles (external focus and differential learning) and new technologies (virtual reality, laser pointers, stroboscopic glasses) may bolster current shoulder rehabilitation protocols and improve patient recovery times and outcomes. Such an understanding allows well-informed sport rehabilitation specialists to better bridge the gap between the preparation for competition widely used by coaches and the treatment of injuries that may occur.