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Résumé

In recent years, low-power voltage transformers (LPVT), such as RC-dividers, have found more and more interest and use-cases from utilities in their respective networks. Furthermore, some papers have discussed their potential for application in power quality monitoring [1] and in HVDC systems [2]. RC dividers have a parallel network of capacitors and resistors allowing to measure from DC up to some tens of kilohertz. Although these LPVTs have a significantly improved bandwidth for sinusoidal signals compared to conventional instrument transformers, RC-dividers can only be used in a limited way for transient voltage measurement, due to oscillations coming from the capacitor part. CR-dividers on the other hand, which are also called damped capacitive dividers, have resistors in series with the capacitor part, which help suppress oscillations in the capacitor active part of the divider otherwise occurring during transient solicitation. Such CR-dividers can be used for AC voltage measurements from a few Hertz up to several hundreds of kilohertz, as well as fast transients. This paper presents a technology overview of different divider types, with a focus on RC and CR dividers and their use as LPVT and further compares these LPVT to conventional VTs. In addition, a benchmark of the performance of those LPVT is presented and discussed, based on laboratory testing, to determine their respective suitability to measure (sub-)harmonics and fast transient signals. In addition, a use-case of an installation in a substation will be discussed, where LPVTs together with secondary equipment, such as transient recorders, are used to monitor PQ and transients. The complete measurement chains and their technical requirements, along with recorded phenomena, are presented and discussed.

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