Résumé
Introduction: l’évaluation musculaire peut se faire de multiples façons et sur plusieurs régimes de contraction. L’isocinétisme permet de mesurer de manière fiable et reproductible la force d’un sujet dans une amplitude donnée ; ceci en fait le gold standard en la matière. Le concept même d’isocinétisme consiste à fixer une vitesse constante programmable avec une résistante auto-accommodante à la force du sujet en chaque position de l’amplitude de mouvement.
Développement et discussion : la contraction musculaire isocinétique peut se réaliser en mode de contraction dynamique concentrique ou excentrique et la spécificité de ces dynamomètres va permettre une adaptation en temps réel de la résistance développée par la machine à la force produite par le sujet afin que la vitesse demeure constante. Le test isocinétique présente l’avantage d’être dynamique, objectif, fiable et reproductible. Certains inconvénients existent néanmoins comme l’aspect non physiologique et non fonctionnel du mouvement, le coût d’investissement du matériel et la courbe d’apprentissage des utilisateurs (sujets ou opérateurs). Le recours à l’isocinétisme nécessite donc une certaine rigueur et le respect de règles fondamentales comme une anamnèse préalable à l’évaluation, un échauffement standardisé et une familiarisation suffisante, une installation rigoureuse sur la machine, un protocole d’évaluation standardisé, et une utilisation et interprétation adaptées et pertinentes des paramètres analysés.
Conclusion: L’établissement de bilans fiables et reproductibles est la première raison de recourir au dynamomètre isocinétique; cet outil constitue également un complément de premier intérêt pour le renforcement musculaire en rééducation.
Introduction: Muscle strength assessment can be performed in numerous ways and through several contraction regimens. Isokinetics allows a reliable and reproducible measure of the strength of a subject in a given motion range which makes it the gold standard in this area. The concept of isokinetics consists of setting a programmable constant speed with a self-accommodating resistance to the subject’s force in each position of the motion range Development and discussion: The isokinetic muscle contraction can be performed in concentric or eccentric dynamic mode and the specificity of these dynamometers allow a real-time adaptation of the resistance developed by the machine to the force produced by the subject, which results in a constant speed. The isokinetic test is recognized as a dynamic, objective, reliable and reproducible measure. Some disadvantages exist, however, such as the non-physiological and non-functional aspect of the movement, the in-vestment cost of the equipment and the learning curve of the users (subjects or operators). The use of isokinetic therefore requires a certain amount of rigor and respect for fundamental rules such as a pre-evaluation history, standardized warm-up and sufficient familiarization, a rigorous set-up of the machine, a standardized evaluation protocol, and an appropriate and relevant use and interpretation of the parameters analyzed. Conclusions: The delivery of reliable and reproducible reports is the first reason to use the isokinetic dynamometer; this tool nevertheless complements muscle strengthening in rehabilitation.
Introduction: Muscle strength assessment can be performed in numerous ways and through several contraction regimens. Isokinetics allows a reliable and reproducible measure of the strength of a subject in a given motion range which makes it the gold standard in this area. The concept of isokinetics consists of setting a programmable constant speed with a self-accommodating resistance to the subject’s force in each position of the motion range Development and discussion: The isokinetic muscle contraction can be performed in concentric or eccentric dynamic mode and the specificity of these dynamometers allow a real-time adaptation of the resistance developed by the machine to the force produced by the subject, which results in a constant speed. The isokinetic test is recognized as a dynamic, objective, reliable and reproducible measure. Some disadvantages exist, however, such as the non-physiological and non-functional aspect of the movement, the in-vestment cost of the equipment and the learning curve of the users (subjects or operators). The use of isokinetic therefore requires a certain amount of rigor and respect for fundamental rules such as a pre-evaluation history, standardized warm-up and sufficient familiarization, a rigorous set-up of the machine, a standardized evaluation protocol, and an appropriate and relevant use and interpretation of the parameters analyzed. Conclusions: The delivery of reliable and reproducible reports is the first reason to use the isokinetic dynamometer; this tool nevertheless complements muscle strengthening in rehabilitation.